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Karl Arnold
Karl Arnold (21 March 1901 – 29 June 1958) was a German politician. He was Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1947 to 1956. He was the first President of the Bundesrat and as such formally head of state of the Federal Republic of Germany, before the election of President Theodor Heuss.
==Early life and education==
Arnold was born in Herrlishöfen in Württemberg on 21 March 1901. He was trained as shoemaker〔 and later (1920/21) studied at the Soziale Hochschule Leohaus, Munich.
From 1920 onwards, Arnold worked as functionary of the movement of Christian workers. In 1924, he became secretary of the Christian workers union for the Düsseldorf region. He was elected in the town council of Düsseldorf for the Centre Party in 1929.
In 1933, Arnold was co-owner of a sanitary installation shop in Düsseldorf. The Gestapo observed and hunted him in the following years because of his political activities. In 1944, he was jailed by the Gestapo.
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